Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages in South America

Molecular genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis allows for the identification circulating lineages and sublineages in population their relationship with migratory movements. The purpose this review is to describe phylogeography reported South American countries that was analyzed using tools, analyze Tuberculosis hotspots region determine impact COVID-19 pandemic on control program. Latin Mediterranean (LAM) sublineage belonging Euro-American lineage (Lineage 4) presents highest prevalence America followed by Beijing East Asian 2). considered worldwide interest because its association multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), which almost entirely distributed America, Peru being country sublineage. On other hand, Indo-Oceanic 1), India-East Asia 3) West- African 2 6) have been lower America. molecular techniques used studies were as follows: typing complementary oligonucleotide spacer sequences (Spoligotyping), restriction-hybridization patterns (IS6110-RFLP, PGRS-RFLP), mycobacterial interspaced repeat units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) whole genome sequencing (WGS). At present, Brazil are MDR-TB where wholly affected pandemic. Thus, there significant impacts containment programs possible post-pandemic scenarios such scientific contributions will need be evaluated implemented new strategies prevention, diagnosis, treatment Tuberculosis.